Hey there @Fabian_Heiss, welcome to the discourse!
Looking at your log above it appears that your game is crashing when attempting to load your Graphics card. (Emphasis on appears, I am not the greatest at reading the logs, @Albert would be able to confirm.
Have you checked that the drivers for your NVIDIA card are up to date?
Have you looked at all the troubleshooting steps located here:
http://discourse.stonehearth.net/t/crashing-on-start-read-this-updated-october-28/13297